Child Abuse in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain :: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Child Abuse is something that children all around the world have to deal with every day. Child abuse can cause physical and mental affects on a child. It occurs very frequently and can happen for many different reasons. There is a law now stating that reporting child abuse is mandatory and you should report it immediately. There are thousands of child abuse victims every year. The abuse usually can leave permanent damage on the rest of the child's life. Child abuse is a very serious crime, and affects children everyday with positive and negative affects. Child abuse is a serious crime, that if violated can come with many consequences, and rules. Reporting child abuse is a mandatory law enacted in 1978 (but amended many times) stating that people must report child abuse immediately1. This law was created to identify children that are victims of child abuse. Relating to the law the Department of Human Services has responsibility to access and investigate suspected child abuse. "Each year Department of Human Services investigators conduct 20,000 investigations involving 30,000 children (in the state of California).2" There are a lot of cases reported each year, involving innocent children, abused by their parents. Although there are thousands of cases reported each year, thousands go unreported. "Child abuse has serious consequences which may remain as indelible pain throughout the victims lifetime3" Child abuse can have permanent negative affects on the child, permanent affects that the child will never forget. The abuse can also bring a better side to the child, making the child wanting to be more independent. Child abuse is very common, and can affect any child of any race, color or religion. Child abuse is caused by a parent, for many reasons, and can lead to many kinds of problems for the child. Parents impose child abuse for many reasons such as psychological problems to low self esteem to alcohol or drug abuse.4 Child abuse happens for many different reasons but all the reasons are still child abuse, and are taken seriously. Child abuse can also occur when parents have too high of expectation of their kids which then leads to abuse. "Abusive parents may show disregard for the child's own needs, limited abilities, and feelings."5 Disregarding children's needs can include a neglect ion. Children need parental advice and for parents to fulfill all their needs.

Legality of Organ Donation

Progress in medical science and technology has contributed to the growth of kidney and other organ transplantations around the world. Nevertheless, the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable organs continues to widen. Chronic shortage of human organs for transplantation is one of the most pressing health policy issues in many developed countries. In recent years, the persistent scarcity of organs for transplantation has invigorated the controversy about the determinants of organ donation rates and the magnitude of their effects. In spite of the media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the organs supply cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. The Philippines is no exception to the dilemma on the shortage of transplantable human organs and there is no clear cut policy yet on how the shortage could be swiftly addressed. The Department of Health (DoH) is currently pushing for â€Å"cadaveric organ donation† and this perhaps, might lessen the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable human organs. But how can one tinker freely with the body of a deceased person? Are there laws in the country which give blanket authority to hospital institutions or to a medical practitioner in harvesting transplantable human organs from a deceased person even without a document or a health card indicating that the deceased is a willing donor? The answer is a resounding ‘None’. The Philippines has yet to come up with a law regarding ‘presumed consent’ unlike in many European countries, particularly Spain, which for so long a time has been implementing their own and unique versions of ‘presumed consent laws’. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classified as a potential donor in absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. With the positive effect of presumed consent laws vis-a-vis organ donation rates on countries which enforced such, it is high time that the Philippines should follow suit and come up with its own version of presumed consent laws. Senator Richard Gordon took the initiative in making the battlecry for the passage of a presumed consent law as he was astounded by the staggering figures of the National Kidney Transplant Institute (NKTI). The Institute reported that the usual Filipino kidney transplants performed thereat have gone down by 20% while the demand for kidney donation is going up by ten (10) percent annually. Global Reality. Waiting for a suitable donor organ to become available may take one week to many months. Unfortunately, the latter is more often the case. This waiting time has been described by many transplant recipients and their families as the most difficult part of the transplant process. Fear and anxiety are normal reactions during this period of uncertainty. In Europe, the average waiting time is three years and is expected to last for ten years or until 2010. With 120,000 patients on chronic dialysis and 40,000 patients waiting in line for a kidney in Western Europe alone, about 15 to 30 % of these patients will die annually because of organ shortages. Every day in the United States, 17 people die waiting for an organ transplant. The number of people in the waiting list for an organ has more than tripled over the last ten years; at the same time, the number of donors has remained relatively stagnant. In the United Kingdom, the active transplant waiting list is increasing by about 8% a year, and the ageing population and increasing incidence of Type 2 diabetes are likely to exacerbate the shortage of available organs. In 2006, the UK Organ Donation Task Force was established with the task of identifying barriers to donation and making recommendations for increasing organ donation and procurement within the current legal framework. In the U. S. , Great Britain and in many other countries, the gap between the demand and the supply of human organs for transplantation is on the rise, despite the efforts of governments and health agencies to promote donor registration. In 2002, 6679 patients died on the U. S. organ waiting lists before an organ became available, roughly 18 per day . In 2001, 6,439 people died while waiting for a transplant, nearly double the 3,916 candidates who died while waiting just five years earlier in 1996. In spite of media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the supply of organs cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. One of the most frequently quoted explanations of the gap between the supply and demand of organs is that the number of families that refuse to grant a consent to donation is still large. Approximately 50% of the families that were approached for an organ donation in the U. S. and Great Britain refused it, compared to around 20% in Spain and around 30% in France. Notably, Spain and France are presumed consent countries. In many countries, including the U. S. , Great Britain, Germany and Australia, cadaveric organ procurement is carried out under the informed consent principle. Under an informed consent law, cadaveric organ extraction requires the explicit consent of the donor before death, which is usually re? ected on a donor registration card. In contrast, in most of continental Europe, cadaveric organ procurement is based on the principle of presumed consent. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classi? ed as a potential donor in the absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. The severe shortage of human organs for transplantation in the U. S. has prompted numerous proposals to alleviate this problem. In addition to presumed consent legislation, proposals include ? nancial incentives for donors , xenotransplantation, educational campaigns, organ exchange mechanisms for living donors with incompatible recipients and preferential assignment of organs to registered donors. However, increasing donation consent rates from families is still viewed as the most promising route to increase organ donation. Many analysts and health professionals believe that presumed consent legislation may play an important role in shaping the decision of the families. In an international survey of transplant professionals, 75% of the respondents supported presumed consent legislation, and 39% identi? ed this type of legislation as the most effective measure to increase donation rates, the highest percentage among all measures considered in the survey, followed by improved education with 18%. Several countries, including Spain, Austria, and Belgium, have opted for a change in legislation and introduced presumed consent, whereby organs can be used for transplantation after death unless individuals have objected during their lifetime (an opt out system). Countries vary in how organ donation legislation functions in practice, and the terms â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† have been used to characterize how much emphasis is placed on relatives’ views in these countries. In Austria, for example, a fairly strong version of presumed consent principle is applied, although family views may be taken into account. In Spain, as in most presumed consent countries, even when organ removal can be carried-out by law without the consent of the family, organ coordinators in charge of the donation process do not authorize the extraction of organs without an explicit family approval. Another notable example is Sweden, which goes from an informed consent system to a presumed consent system in 1996. Ten years before, in 1986, Sweden had switched from presumed consent to informed consent. In the data, cadaveric donation rates decreased steadily in Sweden during the informed consent period. This downwards trend seemed to disappear after presumed consent legislation was reinstituted in 1996. National Reality. The National Kidney and Transplant Institute Renal Disease Control estimated 11, 250 Filipinos nationwide developing End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) annually. It is estimated that half of these ESRD patients are suitable kidney transplant candidates but only five percent (5%) are actually transplanted to date because of insufficient organ supply and the affordability of the operative procedure to most patient. The past years have also witnessed the development of â€Å"medical tourism† as exemplified by countries like India, Thailand and Singapore (but now world-wide) as improved hospital facilities in the less developed countries have attracted patients from developed countries where health care costs were expensive and unaffordable especially to those with no health insurance. In 1999, a TV documentary exposed more than a hundred kidney transplants done in a private hospital from living non-related donors coming from the very poor section of the metropolis, called BASECO in Tondo, Manila. The Philippines is among the world's leading providers of trafficked organs. Reuters named China, Pakistan, Egypt, Columbia and the Philippines as the five organ trafficking hotspots. Trafficked organs are either sold domestically, or exported to the US, Europe, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and especially Israel for their transplant patients. In his privilege speech, Senator Miguel Zubiri tackled about the CNN’s feature regarding the thriving trade of human organs, amidst the poverty in the country. Although he commented in CNN’s report where Mr. Hugh Reminton made an erroneous slant on the human organ trade in the country, Zubiri admitted that there are some truth to the report. The truth is – human organ trade, particularly kidneys, is thriving in the country, specifically in the urban poor communities; that after paying-off the donor, the trader abandons them to face post-surgery risks also without medical attention. In addition to this, the organ transplant sector is rife with stories of traders earning millions of pesos after paying-off donors. This statement could be supported by an incident of kidney sale in Lumban, Laguna where Jose Rivero, 31, a tricycle driver, told the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) that he had been promised by the broker that he would be paid Php 300,000. 00 for his kidney. However, he received only Php 66,000. 00 which led him to report to the NBI. Special Investigator 3, Joey Narciso, the case officer, said that the country has no law prohibiting the direct sale of organs to a donor. Nothing has been heard of being caught and punished, of conniving surgeons or clinics who knowingly transplant organs that have been sold. Zubiri even suspected that there are big syndicates that prey on the poor and helpless citizens and exploit their ignorance and vulnerability; syndicates which have a growing clientele that includes foreigners and rich Filipinos. During the same session, Senator Gordon disclosed that the NBI is investigating the alleged involvement of doctors and other medical personnel of prominent hospitals in the illegal organ trade after members of a syndicate were arrested for duping several people from Batangas, Quezon and neighboring provinces into selling their organs. Gordon recommended the adaptation of a presumed consent. Zubiri stated that the suggestion could be included in the Senate Bill No. 460 , authored by Senator Jose Jinggoy Estrada.

Smyrna Police Department And Its Productivity Essay

Smyrna Police Department and Its Productivity to Society Amina Y. Mohammed Kennesaw State University Author Note Amina Y. Mohammed, Kennesaw State University Correspondence concerning this sample paper should be addressed to Amina Y. Mohammed, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road NW, Kennesaw Ga 30144, E-mail: amoham15@students.kennesaw.edu. Table of Contents Smyrna Police Department and Its Productivity to Society 3 Smyrna Police Department: Mission 3 Organizational Structure 4 Community Policing. 5 Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 References 8 Smyrna Police Department and Its Productivity to Society Smyrna, Georgia better known as the jonquil city is home to 50,000 residents. Smyrna is a family friendly city it provides parks, pools, trails, and much more. Smyrna being home to many, has a mayor and council that appoints the city administrator. The city’s government is responsible for maintaining the great things the city has to offer. The core demographic for this city is made up of primarily younger resident who tend to have a high per capita income. A city with a demographic of younger people should be a safe environment. The environment is protected by the Smyrna Police Department. The police department is a large sized department whose purpose is to protect its citizens. The Smyrna police department is a department that successfully meets the goal of its mission statement. Smyrna Police Department: Mission The mission of Smyrna’s

The 10 Worst Natural Disasters in World History

All of the worst disasters in recorded history have been natural disasters — earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, and floods. Natural Hazard vs. Natural Disaster A natural hazard is a naturally-occurring event that poses a threat to human life or property. A natural hazard becomes a natural disaster when it actually takes place, causing significant loss of life and property. The potential impact of a natural disaster depends on the size and location of the event. If the disaster takes place in a heavily populated area, it immediately causes more damage to both life and property. There have been numerous natural disasters in recent history, ranging from the January 2010 earthquake that struck Haiti, to Cyclone Aila, which hit Bangladesh and India in May of 2009, killing approximately 330 people and affecting upwards of 1 million. Top Ten Worst Disasters in the World There is debate as to what the deadliest disasters of all time actually are, due to discrepancies in death tolls, especially with disasters that occurred outside of the last century. Following is a list of ten of the deadliest disasters in recorded history, from lowest to highest estimated death toll. 10. Aleppo Earthquake (Syria 1138) - 230,000 dead 9. Indian Ocean Earthquake/Tsunami (Indian Ocean 2004) - 230,000 dead 8. Haiyun Earthquake (China 1920) - 240,000 dead 7. Tangshan Earthquake (China 1976) - 242,000 dead 6. Antioch Earthquake (Syria and Turkey 526) - 250,000 dead 5. India Cyclone (India 1839) - 300,000 dead 4. Shaanxi Earthquake (China 1556) - 830,000 dead 3. Bhola Cyclone (Bangladesh 1970) - 500,000-1,000,000 dead 2. Yellow River Flood (China 1887) - 900,000-2,000,000 dead 1. Yellow River Flood (China 1931) - 1,000,000-4,000,000 dead Current State of World Disasters Every day, geologic processes are taking place that can disrupt the current equilibrium and produce natural disasters. These events are generally only catastrophic, however, if they take place in an area where they affect human populations. Advances have been made in predicting such events; however, there are very few instances of well-documented prediction. There is often a relationship between past events and future events and some areas are more prone to natural disasters (​floodplains, on fault lines, or in areas previously destroyed), but the fact remains that we cannot predict or control natural events, therefore, we remain vulnerable to the threat of natural hazards and the impacts of natural disasters.

Analysis Of Frank O Hara s On The Lonely Odyssey Of Life

The vivid projection of emotional plight as a metaphorical means to convey the lonely odyssey of life is reflected in Frank O’Hara’s â€Å"How to Get There† and Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Elm† as both poets weave personal experiences into provocative language. O’Hara’s immediate experience in â€Å"How to Get There† revolves around that familiar moment of acknowledgement of loneliness as a precursor to independence. Through O’Hara’s use of enjambment, one can extrapolate the speaker’s uncertainty of living in a world where struggling and agonizing individually initiates the feelings of fear. This innate feeling of fear enshrouds the speaker in unfamiliarity, yet this exposure to reality contributes to independence and experience. For example, mutualism found within relationships can deter individuals from seeking experience beyond their comfort level (this can affect how they manage struggles stemming from unfamil iarity). Once exposed to unfamiliarity, the understanding of what is known or what should be known becomes a struggle in itself. For Sylvia Plath in â€Å"Elm†, the fear of delving into the unknown and being exposed to fierce pain, is palpably frightening yet essential to the human condition. Plath’s use of natural imagery illustrating the inevitable pain experienced in love strikes a chord in the audience, giving us a nostalgic feeling of loneliness and betrayal. The projection of emotional turbulence deeply resonates within those who have felt love and lost it. In essence, O’Hara and Plath

Italian American vs. Italian Cuisine free essay sample

As we shadow Primo and Secondo, two brothers that emigrated from Italy to open an Italian restaurant in America, we learn a lot about the differences between Italian and Italian-American cuisine through the many obstacles they face. Primo is a gifted chef, a culinary genius determined not to waste his talent making routine dishes that American customers expect. Secondo is the smooth front man, trying to do anything to keep the restaurant financially afloat. Italian cuisine is known for its diversity throughout Italy’s different regions and its abundance of difference in taste. However the one thing they all have it common is its simplicity. The first known Italian food writer was a Greek Sicilian named Archestratus and he said, â€Å"that flavors should not be masked by spices, herbs or other seasonings. † Italians cuisines extreme simplicity explains why most dishes have only 4 to 8 different ingredients. In â€Å"Big Nights,† we can see Americans are not used to this simplicity, but rather foods indulged with ingredients, a common misinterpretation Americans have with Italian cuisine. We will write a custom essay sample on Italian American vs. Italian Cuisine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is highly distasteful to ask for ingredients that are not included in the dish already, such as extra salt, balsamic vinegar, or meat. Another common trait with Italian cuisine is their keen eye for quality and freshness in ingredients. We see this when Primo goes to a market to buy some herbs for the big dinner, but refuses to buy the spices because they seem old. Quality is just as important to Italian cuisine as the location these ingredients come from. Olive oil and balsamic vinegar are two examples of ingredients where location is important. If you look closely on their labels you will see how the very good oils and vinegars are usually 100% from a certain region like Lucca, Siena, or Puglia. The lesser quality olive oils and balsamic vinegars will usually be a mix of different regions, but on the bottle will say, â€Å"Bottled in Italy. † A major difference between American and Italian cuisine is the importance of the meal structure. One line you will never hear a waiter in Italy say is â€Å"would you like your dishes as they are ready? † The meal structure consists of 3 or 4 courses usually. During the â€Å" Big Night† we experienced all the ourses. Normally an Italian meal is longer than an American meal and can last a few hours. Aperitivo is the start of the meal and usually includes a glass of champagne, sometimes nuts, chesses, sauce dips, and little quiches. Next comes the Antipasto and is comparable to the appetizer. A traditional Italian aperitivo includes a few different sliced meats, cheeses, and vegetable. It is heavier than Antipasto, but is still a starter. The first course comes afterwards and is called Primo. Usually a Primo doesn’t include meat and can be a risotto, gnocchi, or soup. The heartiest course of the meal is the secondo or piatto principale. Normally this course includes different kinds of meat or fish. A contorno or side dish is served with the secondo and usually is a dish of hot or cold vegetables. After getting through the first 3 courses if you are still hungry don’t worry because there is still desert. Il dolce or desert is popular after large nice meals. Frequent desert dishes are tiramisu, gelato, and panna cotta. With every meal Italians love a good glass of wine. Wine is very important to the Italian meal and that can explain why Italy leads the world in wine consumption. Just like their food Italians take their wines seriously and will always make sure that it will pair well with the meal. There are 20 wine regions in Italy and an importance is put on where the grapes are grown rather than what type of grape it is. Now that we dug into the characteristics of real Italian food lets take a look at Italian food in America, a cuisine that has transformed into what is now known as Italian-American cuisine. Most of what is called Italian food in America came from the immigrants from southern Italy and Sicily who arrived in the 18th and 19th century. They made up about 80% of all Italian immigrants. Interestingly, about half of the dishes that would become Italian staples in America originated in Naples. Pizza, pasta with seafood, and spaghetti with marinara sauce are a few of the well-known dishes. These foods were largely based on foods the immigrants could not afford back at home, but with American wages and more affordable ingredients they made this kind of food a regular in their diet. These dishes were heavy and rich with ingredients as this is what the immigrants dreamed about having. A great way to describe the differences between Italian-American and Italian cuisine is, Abundance vs.Harmony. Italian-American cooking uses far more spices, more sauce, much more cheese and meat. Pasta is an entree, which is almost never seen in Italy. Less importance is put on the quality of ingredients used and instead the importance is put on quantity. Overall, Italian-American cuisine is much more robust, compared to Italian food which can be described as poor mans food because of its simplicity and ingredient driven nature. This newfound prosperity of the immigrants can explain the differences between traditional Italian and Italian-American cuisine that was designed.

Social Work Therapy free essay sample

This paper analyzes a therapy session with a social worker, illustrating the social workers apparent bias towards one of the patients, and criticizing other practices of the social worker. This paper analyzes a therapy session with a social worker. It speaks of the social workers apparent bias towards one of the patients, and criticizes other practices of the social worker. It goes on to describe certain behavioral therapy techniques that might be appropriate to the case such as rational emotive therapy and family counseling. It also brings in the problem of cross-cultural therapeutic relationships. In seeking to find the best way to work with a patient, sometimes the most important decision that must be made is in selecting the most appropriate framework within with to analyze and treat that patient. This selection must be based both upon the therapists own overarching beliefs on which strategies are in general most helpful and most ethical as well as the particular needs of the patient at hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Therapy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This usually requires extending a high degree of empathy to the client; however when working with more than one client this can prove problematic as was the case here.